He contrasts this to what he calls the objective and the subjective: that which exists independent of human consciousness or belief, i.e., natural phenomena, and myths or fantasies that only exist in an individual’s mind, such as a child’s imaginary friend. He terms this the “inter-subjective,” which is defined as shared myths or illusions within a communication network of multiple people that only exist in the human mind. In Sapiens, myths extend to the state, money, politics, and all other aspects of the superstructure that constitutes human society. However, Harari does not limit his conception of “myths” to such fantastical beings. After all, no other animal has stories of gods, angels, dragons, and trolls under the bridge. Sapiens arrives at the idea that what separates human beings from all other animals is the ability to construct “myths.” At first glance, this may seem reasonable. With this level of recognition, the question arises: what explanations does Sapiens offer? The philosophy of Sapiens It has garnered widespread readership, with over 10 million copies sold, and has earned high praise from the likes of Barack Obama and Mark Zuckerberg. Yuval Noah Harari’s Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind, is one such book. Books and articles proliferate, promising to explain how we have arrived at this point. It sometimes feels as though humanity is on the edge of a cliff.
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